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Separating Prescription From Dispensation Medicines: Economic Effect Estimation in Japan

http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/73804/41211

Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 10, No. 5; 2018
ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744

Masayuki Yokoi1 & Takao Tashiro

Abstract
This study examined the effects of the separation between dispensing and prescribing medicines by pharmacists in pharmacies and doctors in medical institutions, respectively (separation system). The methodology avails public national data. The participation of Japanese medical institutions to the separation system was optional according to the legal system. Consequently, its spreading rate for each administrative district is highly variable, allowing us to study its correlation with various medication costs and other factors, such as the generic medicine replacement ratio, proportion of elderly, and number of doctors per 100 000 individuals as independent variables. These four factors are known to be influential in medical compensation. We used regression analysis by the weighted least square method, with dependent variables being costs of daily medicines, specifically, total, internal, one-shot, external, and injection medicines; medical devices, brand-name medicines, generic medicines, and number of prescribed medicines; as well as technical fees. The analysis focused on whether the extent of the separation system reduces costs such as those for medicines, medical devices, technical fees, or number of prescribed medicines. The partial regression coefficient of the spreading rate of the separation system was found to have negative relationships with all daily costs and number of prescribed medicines, as well as the technical fee, except for external medicines, for which most of the market is represented by light analgesics (taken by patients as needed). The necessity of separating prescribing and dispensing is thus low because of the low information asymmetry between doctors and patients. The results revealed that promoting the separation system reduced medication costs, because it normalized the medication market for daily necessities by compensating information asymmetry. Furthermore, the separation system reduced excesses in prescribing medicines.

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横井先生は、滋賀県のパスカル薬局の薬剤師。

これまでに、薬剤師職能が医療経済に与える影響等について研究発表されている。

今回、厚労省発表の「医療費の動向調査：結果の概要（http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/iryouhoken/database/zenpan/iryou_doukou_b.html）」（2016）と日薬発表の医薬分業進捗率（http://www.nichiyaku.or.jp/kokumin.php?p=11219）を利用して医薬分業率が薬剤費に与える影響を検討。

その結果、

院外処方箋1枚当たりの1日処方薬剤数　→　医薬分業率が高くなるほど減り、低くなるほど増える

医薬分業が進むほど総薬剤費は減る

等が示された。